Lingua Latina: Cap. XXII Summary

Summary: A courier comes towards Iulius' household but is blocked by the gatekeeper. Nevertheless, he tries to enter, but this has bad consequences for him, as the ferocious dog bites the cloaked man after breaking out from his chains. The angry man says that he bought many valuables. Finally, the gatekeeper lets the mailman enter the house. 

Grammar:

• Supines: (verbal nouns)
• English example: "I think singing is fun."
• 1st Supine: (-tum or -sum) used with verbs of motion and express purpose
• Ex: Tabellārius nōn venit vīllam oppugnātum.
• 2nd Supine: (-tū or -sū) very rare, only used with a few adjectives
• Ex: Nōmen "Tlepolemus” difficile est dictū.
• Principal Parts: (verbs)

1st principal part

1st person sing., present tense (-ō)

2nd principal part

present active infinitive (usually -re)

stem used for present, imperfect, & future tenses

3rd principal part

perfect active infinitive (-isse)

stem used for perfect, pluperf., & fut. perf. active

4th principal part

supine (-tum / -sum)

stem used for perfect, pluperf., & fut. perf. passive

Vocabulary:

• līmen, līminis (threshold)
• catēna, -ae (chains)
• faber, fabrī (artisan)
• fremere (to growl)
• sinere (to allow)