Summary:
Andromeda: Perseus saw a young woman, Andromeda, chained to a rock, threatened by a sea monster. Cassiepea, Andromeda's mother, had boasted that she was more beautiful than the Nereids, and Poseidon punished her pride by flooding the kingdom of Cepheus and sending the sea monster to ravage it. The oracle of Zeus, Ammon, told Cepheus that he could appease the monster only by chaining his daughter to the rock. Perseus killed the monster with the scimitar of Hermes and was rewarded with Andromeda as his wife.
Bellerophon: Bellerophon wants to ride Pegasus, a winged horse, so he goes to Athena's temple to pray. Athena comes to him in a dream and gives him a golden bridle which, she says, will tame the horse. It does, and Pegasus becomes Bellerophon's loyal beast.
Gaius Mucius Scaevola: In about the 6th century B.C., the Etruscans, led by Lars Porsena, were trying to take Rome. Gaius Mucius was captured trying to assassinate Lars Porsena and brought before the king. He told the king that although he might be executed, there were plenty of other Romans who would try and eventually succeed in assassination. Lars Porsena was angry and threatened to burn Gaius Mucius alive. In response, the Roman stuck his hand in the fire to show he didn't fear it. This so impressed the king, that he sent Gaius Mucius back and made peace with Rome.
Laomedon et Hesiona: Apollo and Poseidon were angry at King Laomedon because he refused to pay the wage he promised them for building Troy's walls. Apollo sent a plague and Poseidon a sea monster to destroy Troy. Oracles promised deliverance if Laomedon would expose his daughter Hesione to be devoured by the sea monster (in other versions, the lot happened to fall on her) and he exposed her by fastening her naked to the rocks near the sea. Heracles promised to save her on condition that Laomedon would give him the wonderful horses he had received from Zeus as compensation for Zeus' kidnapping of Ganymedes. Laomedon agreed and Heracles slew the monster, in some accounts after being swallowed by it and hacking at its innards for three days before it died and he emerged having lost all his hair.
Adonis: Aphrodite left Adonis in the care of Persephone, who raised him and made him her lover. Aphrodite later demanded the youth for herself, but Persephone was unwilling to relinquish him. When Adonis was gored to death by a boar, both Persephone and Aphrodite claimed him. Zeus settled the dispute by arranging for Adonis to spend half the year (the summer months) above the ground with Aphrodite and the other half in the underworld with Persephone.
Grammar:
I found no new grammar concepts in these stories.
Vocabulary:
I found no new vocabulary in these stories.
This is my Honors Latin III Blog for the book Lingua Latina.
Friday, April 19, 2013
Lingua Latina: Cap. XXXIII Summary
Summary: In this chapter, Aemilia receives a letter from her brother who is in the military. Through his letter, we learn about the Roman military.
Grammar:
Grammar:
- Pluperfect Subjunctive: formed by adding "-isse"between the perfect stem and the personal ending
- Future Imperative: "-to", "-tote"
Vocabulary:
- ensis (sword)
- pax (peace)
- hortari (encourage)
Fabulae Syrae XXXII Summary
Summary:
Daphne: Daphne was the daughter of the river god Peneus. Apollo chased down the maiden, desperate for her love, but she wanted nothing to do with him, and she ran from him endlessly. Soon, she grew weary in her running and that Apollo would ultimately catch her. Fearful, she called out to her father for help. As all gods of water posses the ability of transformation, Peneus transformed his daughter into a laurel tree. Suddenly her legs took root, and her arms grew into long and slender branches. Apollo reached the laurel tree, and, still enamored with Daphne, held the tree in a special place in his heart. He claimed the tree the as his special tree, and adorned himself with some of it's leaves. And that is why the laurel was, and still is, a symbol of the god Apollo.
Arachne: Arachne was a talented maiden who became cocky and said that she herself was a better weaver than Minerva. They engage in a competition, and Arachne won. However, Minerva lost her temper and turned Arachne into a spider.
Io: Jupiter fell in love with Io, but Juno caught her husband seducing Io and Jupiter turned Io into a cow. However, Juno sent the cow away to be guarded by Argus Panoptes. Jupiter sent Hermes to chop off Argus' head and rescue Io.
Baucis et Philemon: Jupiter and Mercury decide to test the hospitality of humans. They disguise themselves as poor travelers and knock on the doors of many houses, but no one will take them in. Finally they approach a small hut owned by Baucis and Philemon. The couple warmly invite the travelers inside and offer all their food and wine. Though it is not much, Baucis and Philemon explain that they are content with what they have because they love each other. Eventually, the gods reveal themselves. They destroy the rest of the town in a flood but spare Baucis and Philemon. Jupiter and Mercury also replace the hut with a large marble house. Baucis and Philemon ask the gods that when they die, they would like to die together. Many years later, in their old age, they are in the middle of a conversation when they notice leaves springing forth from their bodies. They turn into a conjoined tree—a linden and an oak both growing from one trunk.
Callisto et Arcas: Jupiter fell in love with Callisto, and together, they ahd a child, Arcas. Juno found out and changed Callisto into a bear. One day, Arcas went hunting, and Callisto, the bear, saw her son. Forgetting that she was a bear, she charged at Arcas. In fear of his life, Arcas lifted his bow and shot at the charging bear. At the last moment, just before the arrow struck, Jupiter tossed Callisto and her son Arcas into the heavens as the constellations Ursa Major, the Great Bear and Bootes, the Bear Warden. Arcas is always found standing next to his mother.
Grammar:
I found no new grammar topics in these stories.
Vocabulary:
I found no new vocabulary in these stories.
Daphne: Daphne was the daughter of the river god Peneus. Apollo chased down the maiden, desperate for her love, but she wanted nothing to do with him, and she ran from him endlessly. Soon, she grew weary in her running and that Apollo would ultimately catch her. Fearful, she called out to her father for help. As all gods of water posses the ability of transformation, Peneus transformed his daughter into a laurel tree. Suddenly her legs took root, and her arms grew into long and slender branches. Apollo reached the laurel tree, and, still enamored with Daphne, held the tree in a special place in his heart. He claimed the tree the as his special tree, and adorned himself with some of it's leaves. And that is why the laurel was, and still is, a symbol of the god Apollo.
Arachne: Arachne was a talented maiden who became cocky and said that she herself was a better weaver than Minerva. They engage in a competition, and Arachne won. However, Minerva lost her temper and turned Arachne into a spider.
Io: Jupiter fell in love with Io, but Juno caught her husband seducing Io and Jupiter turned Io into a cow. However, Juno sent the cow away to be guarded by Argus Panoptes. Jupiter sent Hermes to chop off Argus' head and rescue Io.
Baucis et Philemon: Jupiter and Mercury decide to test the hospitality of humans. They disguise themselves as poor travelers and knock on the doors of many houses, but no one will take them in. Finally they approach a small hut owned by Baucis and Philemon. The couple warmly invite the travelers inside and offer all their food and wine. Though it is not much, Baucis and Philemon explain that they are content with what they have because they love each other. Eventually, the gods reveal themselves. They destroy the rest of the town in a flood but spare Baucis and Philemon. Jupiter and Mercury also replace the hut with a large marble house. Baucis and Philemon ask the gods that when they die, they would like to die together. Many years later, in their old age, they are in the middle of a conversation when they notice leaves springing forth from their bodies. They turn into a conjoined tree—a linden and an oak both growing from one trunk.
Callisto et Arcas: Jupiter fell in love with Callisto, and together, they ahd a child, Arcas. Juno found out and changed Callisto into a bear. One day, Arcas went hunting, and Callisto, the bear, saw her son. Forgetting that she was a bear, she charged at Arcas. In fear of his life, Arcas lifted his bow and shot at the charging bear. At the last moment, just before the arrow struck, Jupiter tossed Callisto and her son Arcas into the heavens as the constellations Ursa Major, the Great Bear and Bootes, the Bear Warden. Arcas is always found standing next to his mother.
Grammar:
I found no new grammar topics in these stories.
Vocabulary:
I found no new vocabulary in these stories.
Lingua Latina: Cap. XXXII Summary
Summary: The fear of potential pirates rises another backstory from Medus. He describes how was sent to prison and sold as a slave. This story scares Lydia and thus their bond becomes stronger as they rejoice in fear of pirates.
Grammar:
Grammar:
- Perfect Subjunctive:
- This can be used in subordinate clauses or in indirect questions, concerning completed actions. It can be used with a negative command meaning (with ne) and is usually in 2nd person.
Vocabulary:
- educo (lead out)
- incopia (lack)
- audacia (bold)
- minari (threaten)
Fabulae Syrae XXXI Summary
Summary:
Deucalion et Pyrrha: Deucalion and his cousin-wife, Pyrrha, survived for 9 days of flooding before landing at Mt. Parnassus. All alone in the world they wanted company. In answer to this need, the titan and goddess of prophecy Themis cryptically told them to throw the bones of their mother behind them. They interpreted this as meaning "throw stones over their shoulders onto Mother Earth," and did so. The stones Deucalion threw became men and those Pyrrha threw became women.
Prometheus: Prometheus tricked the gods out of the best portion of the sacrificial feast, acquiring the meat for the feasting of man. Then, when Zeus withheld fire, he stole it from heaven and delivered it to mortal kind hidden inside a fennel-stalk. As punishment for these rebellious acts, Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora as a means to deliver misfortune. Prometheus meanwhile, was arrested and bound to a stake on Mount Kaukasos where an eagle was set to feed upon his ever-regenerating liver. Generations later the great hero Herakles came along and released the old Titan from his torture.
De Centauromachia: The Centaurs had the bodies of horses and the torsos and heads of men. They were an unruly bunch! They drank too much wine and started to make trouble. When they tried to kidnap Hippodamia, Theseus quickly intervened, defeating the Centaurs and saving his friend's bride.
Tantalus: Tantalus offered up his son, Pelops, as a sacrifice to the gods. He cut Pelops up, boiled him, and served him up as food for the gods. The gods were said to be aware of his plan for their feast, so they didn't touch the offering; only Demeter, distraught by the loss of her daughter, Persephone, "did not realize what it was" and ate part of the boy's shoulder. Fate, ordered by Zeus, brought the boy to life again (she collected the parts of the body and boiled them in a sacred cauldron), rebuilding his shoulder with one wrought of ivory made by Hephaestus and presented by Demeter.
Cadmus: Europa, daughter of Agenor of Tyre and sister of Cadmus, was abducted by Zeus (in the form of a bull) and taken to Crete, where she became (by Zeus) the mother of Minos. Cadmus went to Greece in search of Europa. The oracle at Delphi told him not to go on with the search but instead to follow a certain cow until she lay down. There he was to found a city. The cow led Cadmus from Phocis to the place (in Boeotia) where he founded Thebes.
Grammar:
I found no new grammar concepts in these stories.
Vocabulary:
I found no new vocabulary in these stories.
Deucalion et Pyrrha: Deucalion and his cousin-wife, Pyrrha, survived for 9 days of flooding before landing at Mt. Parnassus. All alone in the world they wanted company. In answer to this need, the titan and goddess of prophecy Themis cryptically told them to throw the bones of their mother behind them. They interpreted this as meaning "throw stones over their shoulders onto Mother Earth," and did so. The stones Deucalion threw became men and those Pyrrha threw became women.
Prometheus: Prometheus tricked the gods out of the best portion of the sacrificial feast, acquiring the meat for the feasting of man. Then, when Zeus withheld fire, he stole it from heaven and delivered it to mortal kind hidden inside a fennel-stalk. As punishment for these rebellious acts, Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora as a means to deliver misfortune. Prometheus meanwhile, was arrested and bound to a stake on Mount Kaukasos where an eagle was set to feed upon his ever-regenerating liver. Generations later the great hero Herakles came along and released the old Titan from his torture.
De Centauromachia: The Centaurs had the bodies of horses and the torsos and heads of men. They were an unruly bunch! They drank too much wine and started to make trouble. When they tried to kidnap Hippodamia, Theseus quickly intervened, defeating the Centaurs and saving his friend's bride.
Tantalus: Tantalus offered up his son, Pelops, as a sacrifice to the gods. He cut Pelops up, boiled him, and served him up as food for the gods. The gods were said to be aware of his plan for their feast, so they didn't touch the offering; only Demeter, distraught by the loss of her daughter, Persephone, "did not realize what it was" and ate part of the boy's shoulder. Fate, ordered by Zeus, brought the boy to life again (she collected the parts of the body and boiled them in a sacred cauldron), rebuilding his shoulder with one wrought of ivory made by Hephaestus and presented by Demeter.
Cadmus: Europa, daughter of Agenor of Tyre and sister of Cadmus, was abducted by Zeus (in the form of a bull) and taken to Crete, where she became (by Zeus) the mother of Minos. Cadmus went to Greece in search of Europa. The oracle at Delphi told him not to go on with the search but instead to follow a certain cow until she lay down. There he was to found a city. The cow led Cadmus from Phocis to the place (in Boeotia) where he founded Thebes.
Grammar:
I found no new grammar concepts in these stories.
Vocabulary:
I found no new vocabulary in these stories.
Lingua Latina: Cap. XXXI Summary
Summary: The guests at the dinner have an enthusiastic conversation, and the guests flow more freely with their discussions, gossip, and stories.
Grammar:
Grammar:
- Future Perfect Tense: used to indicate an action that "will have" happened before another action in the future.
- Gerundive: verbal adjective; future passive participle
Vocabulary:
- praemium (reward)
- lex (law)
- nimius (too big)
- vetus (old)
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